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THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
a. Use:
The Simple Future tense is used to express actions
which will take place in the future;
--> They will finish the work
tomorrow.
--> He will arrive next Saturday.
Will is used to talk about a future fact:
--> The Mayor will open the new musem next Tuesday.
Will can be used to make a prediction;
--> I think it will be hot and sunny tomorrow.
Will is also used to express an intention or decision made at the moment of speaking:
--> It's very hot in here. I'll open the window.
b. Formation:
The Simple Future of any verb is formed from
the auxiliary will or shall, followed by the bare infinitive of
the verb.
In informal English, particularly in American English, the
Simple Future is usually conjugated entirely with the auxiliary will. The
auxiliary will is a modal auxiliary. Modal auxiliaries do not
modify, but have the same form, regardless of the subject.
The auxiliary will is often contracted to 'll. Thus,
in informal English, the Simple Future of the verb to work is usually
conjugated as follows:
| Without Contractions |
With Contractions |
| I will work |
I'll work |
| you will work |
you'll work |
| he will work |
he'll work |
| she will work |
she'll work |
| it will work |
it'll work |
| we will work |
we'll work |
| they will work |
they'll work |
Verbs used with the
subjects I and we are generally referred to as being in the
first person; verbs used with the subject you are generally
referred to as being in the second person; and verbs used with the
subjects he, she, it and they are generally referred
to as being in the third person.
For formal English, there is a
rule which states that in the Simple Future, the auxiliary shall should
be used in the first person, and the auxiliary will should be used in the
second person and third person. Like the auxiliary will, the auxiliary
shall is a modal auxiliary.
Thus, in formal English, the Simple
Future of the verb to work may be conjugated as follows:
| I shall work |
| you will work |
| he will work |
| she will work |
| it will work |
| we shall work |
| they will work |
Even in informal
English, the auxiliary shall is usually used in the first person for
questions in which a request for permission is implied.
e.g. Shall I
call the office?
Shall we go to the
library?
However, the use of will for the first person of the
Simple Future is beginning to be considered acceptable in formal English. Thus,
except for questions where a request for permission is implied, either
will or shall may be used for the first person of the Simple
Future. In this chapter, the alternative use of the auxiliary shall in
the first person will be indicated by the word shall in brackets.
The rules for the use of will and shall which apply to the
Simple Future tense, also apply to the other future tenses.
c. Questions and negative statements
As
is the case with other English tenses, questions and negative statements in the
Simple Future are formed using the auxiliary.
Questions are formed by
placing the auxiliary before the subject. For example:
| Affirmative Statement |
Question |
| It will work. |
Will it work? |
| They will work. |
Will they work? |
Negative statements are
formed by placing the word not after the auxiliary. For example:
| Affirmative Statement |
Negative Statement |
| It will work. |
It will not work. |
| They will work. |
They will not work. |
In
spoken English, the following contraction is often used:
| Without Contraction |
With Contraction |
| will not |
won't |
The contracted form of will
not is unusual, since it is not only the o of not which is
omitted. In addition, the ll of will is omitted, and the i
of will is changed to o. The contracted form, won't, is
pronounced to rhyme with don't.
In addition,
shall not is sometimes contracted to shan't. However, the word
shan't is rarely used in modern American English.
Negative
questions are formed by placing the auxiliary before the subject, and the word
not after the subject. However, when contractions are used, the
contracted form of not immediately follows the auxiliary. The following
are examples of negative questions with and without contractions:
| Without Contractions |
With Contractions |
| Will it not work? |
Won't it work? |
| Will they not work? |
Won't they work? |
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Going to:
Going to is used to talk about a future intention when a decision has already been made:
--> They're going to meet us in the pub after the film.
Going to is used to talk about future predictions when there is evidence that something is going to happen:
--> Look at those clouds. It's going to rain.
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