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THE FUTURE PERFECT & CONTINUOUS TENSE
The Future Perfect tense is used to refer to a non-continuous action
which will be completed by a certain time in the future.
--> Helena
will have finished the work by Wednesday.
--> I
will have cleaned the room before the guests arrive.
--> They will have eaten breakfast by the time he gets up.
In
these examples, the use of the Future Perfect indicates that the actions of
finishing the work, cleaning the room, and eating breakfast will have been
completed before the coming of Wednesday, the arrival of the guests, and his
getting up take place.
The Future Perfect
shows the time before which something will finish.
For example:
--> Next Friday, I'll have
worked here for 5 years.
(When next Friday
comes, it will be 5 years since I started working
here.)
We often use
by to show the time before which something
is completed, for example:
--> Can I borrow you
book? - You can have it tomorrow, I'll have
read it by then.
--> I'll have left by
the time you arrive.
b. Formation
The Future
Perfect of any verb is formed from the Simple Future of the auxiliary to
have, followed by the past participle of the verb. For instance, the Future
Perfect of the verb to work is conjugated as follows:
| I will (shall) have worked |
| you will have worked |
| he will have worked |
| she will have worked |
| it will have worked |
| we will (shall) have worked |
| they will have worked |
c. Questions and negative statements
As
is the case with other English tenses, questions and negative statements in the
Future Perfect are formed using the first auxiliary.
Questions are formed
by placing the first auxiliary before the subject. For example:
| Affirmative Statement |
Question |
| It will have worked. |
Will it have worked? |
| They will have worked. |
Will they have worked? |
Negative
statements are formed by placing the word not after the first auxiliary.
For example:
| Affirmative Statement |
Negative Statement |
| It will have worked. |
It will not have worked. |
| They will have worked. |
They will not have worked. |
Negative
questions are formed by placing the first auxiliary before the subject, and the
word not after the subject. However, when contractions are used, the
contracted form of not immediately follows the first auxiliary. For
example:
| Without Contractions |
With Contractions |
| Will it not have worked? |
Won't it have worked? |
| Will they not have worked? |
Won't they have worked? |
THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
a.
Use
The Future Perfect Continuous tense is used to express a continuous,
action which will be completed by a certain time in the future.
--> By next January, she will have been living here for a
year.
--> You will have been traveling a great deal
by the time you return home.
--> He will have been
working for ten months by the time he takes his vacation.
In these
examples, the use of the Future Perfect Continuous indicates that the
continuous, ongoing actions of living, traveling, and working, will have been
completed before the events of the coming of January, your returning home, and
his taking a vacation, take place.
b.
Formation
The Future Perfect Continuous of any verb is formed from the
Future Perfect of the auxiliary to be, followed by the present participle
of the verb. For instance, the Future Perfect Continuous of the verb to
work is conjugated as follows:
| I will (shall) have been working |
| you will have been working |
| he will have been working |
| she will have been working |
| it will have been working |
| we will (shall) have been working |
| they will have been working |
c. Questions and negative statements
As is the case with other English tenses, questions and
negative statements in the Future Perfect Continuous are formed using the first
auxiliary.
Questions are formed by placing the first auxiliary before the
subject. For example:
| Affirmative Statement |
Question |
| It will have been working. |
Will it have been working? |
| They will have been working. |
Will they have been working? |
Negative
statements are formed by placing the word not after the first auxiliary.
For example:
| Affirmative Statement |
Negative Statement |
| It will have been working. |
It will not have been working. |
| They will have been working. |
They will not have been
working. |
Negative questions are formed by placing
the first auxiliary before the subject, and the word not after the
subject. However, when contractions are used, the contracted form of not
immediately follows the first auxiliary. For example:
| Without Contractions |
With Contractions |
| Will it not have been working? |
Won't it have been working? |
| Will they not have been working? |
Won't they have been working? |
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